![]() Medicines derived from plants have played a pivotal role in the health care of many cultures, both ancient and modern ( Newman, Cragg, and Sander 2003 Butler 2004 Balunas and Kinghorn 2005 Gurib-Fakim 2006 Newman and Cragg 2007). Many of these natural products have pharmacological or biological activity that can be exploited in pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug design. Tens of thousands of these products are produced as secondary metabolites by higher plants as a natural defense mechanism against disease and infection. Having co-evolved with animal life, many of the plants from which these natural products are derived are billions of years old. ![]() ![]() ![]() Natural plant products have been used throughout human history for various purposes. ![]()
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